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 【論文】從基督信仰論死刑存廢問題：結論與參考文獻
作者／陳文珊
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 結論
死刑是當代重要的倫理議題，也是基督教倫理所不得不面對的挑戰。特別在死刑執行率
如此之高的台灣，死刑倫理更是基督信仰與當前社會對話的一個重要切入點。值此懲治盜匪
條例今年二月經法務部研擬修法，報請立法院審議相關刑法修正草案之際，基督徒不能也不
應該在死刑議題上缺席。然而在處理這麼高度爭議性的倫理課題時，周延而全面性的方法學
考量是絕對不可或缺的。基督徒應避免落入對聖經經文的片斷字句運用，而欠缺對整本聖經
及基督福音精意的理解，更忌諱在對當代刑罰學一無所知的情況下，單憑未經反省的道德直
覺來斷定死刑是非，畢竟死刑倫理必須關連於其它正義戰爭、自衛殺人、自殺等倫理議題來
作全面性的通盤考量。是以，本文試圖拋磚引玉，從聖經、基督教倫理以及當代刑罰學來證
成如下三個命題：聖經究極來說並不贊成死刑，死刑與基督教倫理尊重生命的教訓並不相容
，死刑是殘忍、不人道且無不可取代效益的刑罰，盼望未來能引發台灣教會及社會對此一問
題更多、更深入的討論。
參考文獻：英文部分
- Alexander Campbell, "Is Capital Punishment Sanctioned by Divine Authority?",
http://www.mun.ca/rels/restmov/texts/acampbell/capital.html.
- Administrative Board of the U.S. Catholic Conference, "A Good Friday Appeal to End the Death Penalty",
http://www.nccbuscc.org/sdwp/national/criminal/appeal.htm.
- Bishops of United States, "Open Letter to Governor Jeb Bush Urging Commutation of Death Sentences for Thomas H. Provenzano and Allen Davis",
http://www.flacathconf.org/B5/C3/D4/Bsgvpl199.htm.
- Bishops of Florida, "Statement on Protection, Punishment, but not Death",
http://www.flacathconf.org/B5C3/D4/B5c3d4e4htm
- Bishops of Florida, "Statement on Capital Punishment" ,
http://www.nccbuscc.org/sdwp/national/criminial/death/fl72htm.
- Bishops of Churches in Florida, "Letter to Christians in Florida",
http://www.flacathconf.org/B5/C3/D3/B5c3d315.htm.
- Bishops of Wisconsin, "Capital Punishment in Wisconsin",
http://www.wisconsincatholic.com/statements/punishment.html.
- Bruce A. Robinson, "Capital Punishment; the Death Penalty",
http://www.religioustolerance.org/execute.htm
"What the Bible Says about the Death Penalty/Capital Punishment",
http://www.religioustolerance.org/exe-bibl.htm
- Catholic Bishops of Missouri, "Statement against the Death Penalty ",
http://members.aol.com/MoCatholic/text/dpstmt.html
- Christian Council of Delaware and Maryland's Eastern Shore, "Statement on Capital Punishment",
http://www.nccbuscc.org/sdwp/national/criminal/death/deecu.htm.
- David L. Brown, "The Bible's Teaching on Capital Punishment",
http:/www.execpc.com/logos/capital.html
- Friends Committee to Abolish the Death Penalty, "Quaker Auotes on the Death Penalty-Past and Present",
http://members.aol.com/fcadp/archives/Quotes.htm
- Giles Playfai, "Is the Death Penalty Necessary?",
http://www.theatlantic.com/unbound//flashbks/death/playnecc.htm.
- George Bernard Shaw, "Capital Punishment",
http:/www.theatlantic.com/unbound//flashbks/death/dpenshaw.htm.
- Harry J. Flynn, "Church Teaches that All Life is Valuable",
http://www.osjspm.org/flynncp.htm.
- Howard Zehr, "Death as Penalty",
http://www.mcc.org/misc/death-as-a-penalty.html.
- Hugo Adam Bedau, "The Case Against the Death Penalty",
http://ethics.acusd.edu/Bedeau.html.
── "Capital Punishment", The Westminister Dictionary of Christian Ethics.
- Indiana Catholic Conference, "Choose Life",
http://www.indianacc.org/tables/postn1.html.
- James Fieser, "Capital Punishment", The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy,
http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/c/capitalp.htm.
- Joseph T. O'Keefe & Thomas J. Costello, "A Monograph on Capital Punishment",
http://listserv.american.edu/catholic/church/us/nybish.death.
- John Rawls, "Two Concepts of Rules", http://ethics.acusd.edu/Rawls.html.
- John Stuart Mill, "Speech in Favor of Capital Punishment",
http://ethics.acusd.edu/Mill.html.
- John Kleining, "The Hardness of Hard Treatment",
http://ethics.acusd.edu/HardtimeText.html.
- Kerby Anderson, "Capital Punishment", http://www.prob.org/dos/cap-pun.html
- Evangelical Lutheran Chruch in America, "The Death Penalty",
http://www.elca.org/dcs/death.html
- Martin P. Golding, "Punishment: The Deterrence Theory", Philosophy of Law, (New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1975)
───, "Punishment: Retributivism", Philosophy of Law, (New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1975)
- New York State Catholic Bishops, "Death is not the Answer: A Reaffirmation of Opposition to Capital Punishment",
http://www.nyscatholicconference.org/bishops/death.html
- Oklahoma Conference of Churches, "Resolution on Capital Punishment",
http://www.nccbuscc.org/sdwp/national/criminal/death/okecu.htm.
- Peter Suber, "Against the Sanctity of Life",
http://www.earlham.edu/-peters/writing/sancity.htm.
- Raymond Westbrook, "Punishments and Crimes", The Anchor Bible Dictionary, (New York: Doubleday, 1992)
- Rhode Island Religious Leaders, "Death Penalty's Future",
http://www.nccbuscc.org/sdwp/national/criminal/death/riecu.htm
- Rolfe Gerhardt, "When Society Kills",
http://members.aol.com/fcadp/archives/societh.htm.
- The Archdiocese of Chicago, "Statement on Capital Punishment",
http://www.archdiocese-chgo.org/p-cc/statement.html.
- The Death Penalty: pro and con, "The Pop's Statement",
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/angel/procon/popestate.html.
- U. S. Bishops, "U. S. Bishops' Statement on Capital Punishment",
http://.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/angel/procon/bishopstate.html
參考文獻：中文部分
- Pope John Paul Ⅱ，《「生命的福音」通諭》，(台北：天主教教務協進會，1997)
- Christopher J. H. Wright，王仁芬譯，〈公義與公平〉&〈律法與制度〉，《認識舊約倫理學》，(台北：校園1995)
- Cesare Beccaria，李茂生譯，〈有關刑罰之起源以及刑罰權基礎之諸原理〉，《犯罪與刑罰》，(台北：協志，1993)
───〈死刑〉，《犯罪與刑罰》，(台北：協志，1993)
───〈刑罰的緩和〉，《犯罪與刑罰》，(台北：協志，1993)
- Helen Prejean，于而彥譯，《越過死亡線》，(台北：輕舟，1996)
- Waldo Beach & H. Richard Niebuhr, 《基督教倫理學》，(台南：東南亞神學教育協會，1995)。
- Loius P. Pojman，江麗美譯，〈死刑〉，《生與死》，(台北：桂冠，1997)
- Immanuel Kant，〈報復主義：判處極刑的權利〉，收入Loius P. Pojman編著，魏德驥等譯，〈第四部：死刑〉，《解構死亡》，(台北：桂冠，1997)
- Thurgood Marshall，〈死刑是對生命尊嚴的否定〉，收入Loius P. Pojman編著，魏德驥等譯，〈第四部：死刑〉，《解構死亡》，(台北：桂冠，1997)
- Burton Leiser，〈一個死刑的報復性論證〉，收入Loius P. Pojman編著，魏德驥等譯，〈第四部：死刑〉，《解構死亡》，(台北：桂冠，1997)
- Hugo Adam Bedau，〈反對死刑的報復主義說明〉，收入Loius P. Pojman編著，魏德驥等譯，〈第四部：死刑〉，《解構死亡》，(台北：桂冠，1997)
- Sidney Hook，〈死刑：限定使用〉，收入Loius P. Pojman編著，魏德驥等譯，〈第四部：死刑〉，《解構死亡》，(台北：桂冠，1997)
- Ernest van den Haag & Louis Schwartz，〈死刑：贊成與反對〉，收入Loius P. Pojman 編著，魏德驥等譯，〈第四部：死刑〉，《解構死亡》，(台北：桂冠，1997)
- 羅秉祥，〈刑罰、死刑、生命權〉，《黑白分明》，(香港：宣道，1993)
───〈聖經與死刑〉，《黑白分明》，(香港：宣道，1993)
───〈刑罰理論與死刑〉，《繁星與道德》，(台北：唐山，1996)
───〈生命權與死刑〉，《繁星與道德》，(台北：唐山，1996)
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